Biologically

Biology is a natural science that is concerned with the study of life, its various forms and its function, how these organisms interact with each other and with the surrounding environment. The word biology in Greek is made up of two words: bio (βίος) meaning life. And loggia (-λογία) means science or study. Biology: the similarity of vegetation and animal cover on the edges of the African and American states, and the existence of the same fossil.

Branches of biology
Biology is an ancient science thousands of years old and modern biology began in the nineteenth century. This science has multiple branches. Among them are:

Anatomy
Botany
Biochemia
Biogeography
Biofisia
Cytology or cell science
Ecology or environmental science
 

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Preface .................................................................................................. ix
1. Dynamics of the Vertebrate Nuclear Envelope ....................................... 1
Malini Mansharamani, Katherine L. Wilson and James M. Holaska
Abstract ....................................................................................................... 1
Interphase Nuclear Envelope Structure ........................................................ 1
Nuclear Envelope Disassembly .................................................................... 3
Nuclear Assembly ........................................................................................ 5
Concluding Remarks ................................................................................... 8
2. Dynamics of Nuclear Envelope Proteins During the Cell Cycle
in Mammalian Cells ............................................................................. 15
Jan Ellenberg
Abstract ..................................................................................................... 15
Why Should Nuclear Envelope Proteins Be Dynamic? .............................. 15
What is the Nuclear Envelope Made of? .................................................... 16
Studying Nuclear Envelope Protein Dynamics .......................................... 17
Dynamics in Interphase ............................................................................. 17
Chromosomes Do not Move Much in Interphase ...................................... 21
Dynamics in Mitosis .................................................................................. 21
INM Proteins: Switching Retention Off and Back On .............................. 21
Lamina: Tearing of a Polymer, Dispersion and Re-Import
of Monomers ......................................................................................... 23
Pore Complex Disassembly and Assembly: Many Open Questions ............ 24
Chromosomes: A Complex Template for Nuclear Assembly ...................... 25
Concluding Remarks ................................................................................. 25
3. Targeting and Retention of Proteins in the Inner and Pore
Membranes of the Nuclear Envelope .................................................... 29
Cecilia Östlund, Wei Wu and Howard J. Worman
Abstract ..................................................................................................... 29
Targeting of Integral Membrane Proteins to the Inner
Nuclear Membrane................................................................................ 29
Targeting and Retention of Integral Membrane Proteins
to the Pore Membrane ........................................................................... 35
Targeting of Peripheral Membrane Proteins to the Inner
Nuclear Membrane................................................................................ 36
Conclusion ................................................................................................ 38
4. Dynamic Connections of Nuclear Envelope Proteins
to Chromatin and the Nuclear Matrix.................................................. 43
Roland Foisner
Abstract ..................................................................................................... 43
Introduction .............................................................................................. 43
Major Components of the Peripheral Nuclear Lamina ............................... 44
Lamina Proteins in the Nuclear Interior .................................................... 46
Interactions at the Interface Between the Lamina
and the Nuclear Scaffold/Chromatin ..................................................... 47

Biology
Human biology
Who is the founder of biology?
The importance of biology
Areas of work in the field of biology
Theories of biology
Research on biology for the first grade of secondary school
Human biology