Biologically
Biology is a natural science that is concerned with the study of life, its various forms and its function, how these organisms interact with each other and with the surrounding environment. The word biology in Greek is made up of two words: bio (βίος) meaning life. And loggia (-λογία) means science or study. Biology: the similarity of vegetation and animal cover on the edges of the African and American states, and the existence of the same fossil.
Branches of biology
Biology is an ancient science thousands of years old and modern biology began in the nineteenth century. This science has multiple branches. Among them are:
Anatomy
Botany
Biochemia
Biogeography
Biofisia
Cytology or cell science
Ecology or environmental science
نبذه عن الكتاب:
Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection has always fascinated me,
but over the years I have found a surprising variety of thinkers who cannot
conceal their discomfort with his great idea, ranging from nagging skepticism to outright hostility. I have found not just lay people and religious
thinkers, but secular philosophers, psychologists, physicists, and even biologists who would prefer, it seems, that Darwin were wrong. This book is
about why Darwin's idea is so powerful, and why it promises—not threatens—to put our most cherished visions of life on a new foundation.
A few words about method. This book is largely about science but is not
itself a work of science. Science is not done by quoting authorities, however
eloquent and eminent, and then evaluating their arguments. Scientists do,
however, quite properly persist in holding forth, in popular and not-sopopular books and essays, putting forward their interpretations of the work
in the lab and the field, and trying to influence their fellow scientists. When
I quote them, rhetoric and all, I am doing what they are doing: engaging in
persuasion. There is no such thing as a sound Argument from Authority, but
authorities can be persuasive, sometimes rightly and sometimes wrongly. I
try to sort this all out, and I myself do not understand all the science that is
relevant to the theories I discuss, but, then, neither do the scientists (with
perhaps a few polymath exceptions). Interdisciplinary work has its risks. I
have gone into the details of the various scientific issues far enough, I hope,
to let the uninformed reader see just what the issues are, and why I put the
interpretation on them that I do, and I have provided plenty of references.
Biology
Human biology
Who is the founder of biology?
The importance of biology
Areas of work in the field of biology
Theories of biology
Research on biology for the first grade of secondary school
Human biology
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